Dynamic Taylor cone formation on liquid metal surface: numerical modelling

摘要: Results of time-dependent modelling electrohydrodynamic effects on the surface a liquid metallic conductor are reported for regime where no electron, ion or particle emission occurs. The Navier-Stokes equations, with free boundaries subject to Maxwell field stress, surface-tension stress and viscous action, have been solved by method that uses transformation interfaces into rectangle; this overcomes problem oscillations appeared using marker-and-cell technique. situation geometry is deep unbounded axial symmetry. With time, an almost flat evolves cone-like shape, angle cone depending initial shape surface. We describe structure as dynamic Taylor cone. profiles in good agreement experimental observations process. calculations also shown that, when protrusion formed, time dependences radius curvature, electric value at apex velocity metal, exhibit run-away behaviour: physical values become very large short time. As cusp surface, acting outwards becomes overtakes growth both tension inwards. Analysis can strongly assist development analytical treatments such phenomena, give insight description operating metal source atomisers. numerical methods appears useful treatment problems which cathode anode significantly change shape. This occurs, example, covered plasma evolution occurs context Langmuir shield.