Grass páramo as hunter-gatherer landscape:

摘要: Tussock grass paramo constitutes the dominant vegetation of high tropical Andes and cordilleras Costa Rica. Its distribution, composition location upper forest line are ascribed, by broad consensus, to climate. The zonal argument finds support in altitudinal movements during Pleistocene, clearly responding changes precipitation temperature. I ask here, however, if principal ecological variables driving post-Pleistocene paramos circumscribed solely combined pollen, charcoal archaeological evidence generated recent decades suggests a distinct Holocene etiology. Five conclusions emerge: (1) sedimentary record establishes that is fired landscape, (2) natural sources fire, specifically volcanoes lightning, incapable generating fire regime apparent record, (3) burning at most sites intensified significantly between 13,000 11,000 cal. yr BP, ...