From multi-residue screening to target analysis of pharmaceuticals in water: development of a new approach based on magnetic sector mass spectrometry and application in the Nairobi River basin, Kenya.

摘要: Abstract This paper presents the development and application of a new multi-residue analytical method providing first data on environmental occurrence human pharmaceuticals in Africa, particularly Nairobi River basin (Kenya). Based pharmaceutical consumption available for region, 43 ‘priority’ pharmaceutically active ingredients (PAIs) were selected this study. On basis magnetic sector high-resolution mass spectrometry, methodology involving both full-scan screening selective target analysis has been developed to investigate presence defined priority PAIs. Subsequent corresponding standard compounds provided full confirmation indicative concentrations (low ng/L–high μg/L) 10 PAIs River. The detected belong different classes, i.e. antibiotics, analgesic/anti-inflammatory anti-epileptic drugs, antimalarials antiretrovirals. Ibuprofen, paracetamol, sulfamethoxazole zidovudine showed be most concentrated (about 10–30 μg/L). concentration antiretrovirals (lamivudine, nevirapine) is clearly higher than those reported literature, although class are still very limited. To best our knowledge, study that provides evidence detection lamivudine surface water. presented unique aquatic environment Africa show high prevalence specific diseases like HIV/AIDS infection developing countries might result pattern waters compared more regions.