High-Mobility Group Box 1 Release and Redox Regulation Accompany Regeneration and Remodeling of Skeletal Muscle

摘要: Abstract High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, favors tissue regeneration via recruitment and activation of leukocytes stem cells. Here we demonstrate, in model acute sterile muscle injury, that is accompanied by active reactive oxygen species (ROS) production counterbalanced overcome the generation antioxidant moieties. Mitochondria are initially responsible for ROS formation. However, they undergo rapid disruption with almost complete disappearance. Twenty-four hours after observed strong induction MURF1 atrogin-1 ubiquitin ligases, key signals proteasome system atrophy. At later time points, maintained nonmitochondrial sources. The response occurs both regenerating fibers express high levels free thiols enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD1) thioredoxin. HMGB1, protei...