Evidence-informed person-centered healthcare part I: do 'cognitive biases plus' at organizational levels influence quality of evidence?

摘要: Introduction There is increasing concern about the unreliability of much health care evidence, especially in its application to individuals. Hypothesis Cognitive biases, financial and non-financial conflicts interest, ethical violations (which, together with fallacies, we collectively refer as ‘cognitive biases plus’) at levels individuals organizations involved undermine evidence that informs person-centred care. Methods This study used qualitative review pertinent literature from basic, medical social sciences, ethics, philosophy, law etc. Results Financial interest (primarily industry related) have become systemic several influence evidence. There also plausible for academic organizations. Financial frequently result self-serving bias. Self-serving bias can lead self-deception rationalization actions entrench behaviour, both potentially resulting unethical acts. Individuals are susceptible other cognitive biases. Qualitative suggests plus’ erode quality evidence. Conclusions ‘Cognitive hard wired, primarily unconscious level, behaviours not easily corrected. Social behavioural researchers advocate multi-pronged measures similar situations: (i) abolish incentives spawn bias; (ii) enforce severe deterrents breaches conduct; (iii) value integrity; (iv) strengthen self-awareness; (v) design curricula trainee level promote awareness consequences society. Virtuous professionals essential fulfil vision high-quality individualized globally.