Tracking Viral Evolution During a Disease Outbreak: The Rapid and Complete Selective Sweep of a Circovirus in the Endangered Echo parakeet

摘要: Circoviruses are among the smallest and simplest of all viruses, but they relatively poorly characterized. Here, we intensively sampled two sympatric parrot populations from Mauritius over a period 11 years screened for circovirus Beak feather disease virus (BFDV). During sampling period, severe outbreak psittacine beak disease, which is caused by BFDV, occurred in Echo parakeets. Consequently, this data set presents an ideal system studying evolution pathogen natural population to understand adaptive changes that cause outbreaks. Unexpectedly, discovered was most likely functionally important regions normally conserved replication-associated protein gene not immunogenic capsid. Moreover, these mutations were completely fixed parakeet host very shortly after outbreak. Several capsid alleles linked allele, suggesting whereas key latter, scope selective sweep may have been influenced positive selection We found evidence viral transmission between though invasive species as source equivocal. Finally, high evolutionary rate estimated shows how rapidly new variation can arise BFDV consistent with recent results other small single-stranded DNA viruses.