A walk on the tundra: Host–parasite interactions in an extreme environment

摘要: Abstract Climate change is occurring very rapidly in the Arctic, and processes that have taken millions of years to evolve this extreme environment are now changing on timescales as short decades. These changes dramatic, subtle non-linear. In article, we discuss evolving insights into host–parasite interactions for wild ungulate species, specifically, muskoxen caribou, North American Arctic. occur an characterized by extremes temperature, high seasonality, low host species abundance diversity. We believe lessons learned system can guide wildlife management conservation throughout also be generalized more broadly understand elsewhere. specifically examine impacts climate focus on: (I) direct temperature effects parasites; (II) importance considering intricacies parasite ecology anticipating impacts; (III) effect shifting ecological barriers corridors. Insights gained from studying history systems Arctic will central understanding role playing these complex systems.