Cod liver oil, the ratio of vitamins A and D, frequent respiratory tract infections, and vitamin D deficiency in young children in the United States.

摘要: We would like to take this opportunity respond the Commentary by Cannell and his distinguished colleagues' (herein referred as "Commentary"). agree that extensive basic research adult clinical performed in past few decades have demonstrated levels of vitamin D required for optimal health are much higher than those needed prevent rickets children or osteomalacia adults; it is also clear deficiency insufficiency, newly defined health, widespread.2 However, discussed below, we a different view on several issues criticized et al' their Commentary. COD LIVER OIL Cod liver oil, available without prescription hundreds years, valuable source vitamins A D, well long-chain omega-3 fatty acids,^ all which may be important prevention respiratory tract illnesses (see below. Frequent Respiratory Tract Infections Young Children). In many populations around world, cod oil continues these nutrients. The across-the-board dismissal supplement advocated ignores reality. Since advent synthetic 1950s, has gone out favor United States, acids thereby been lost. Only 2% (2 94) entering Linday's randomized sites supplementation study had history use entry.'* One teaspoon historically contained 400 International Units (IU) was used treatment .^ manufacturing processes production purification changed substantially over years.^ Historically, "coldpressed,"'^ meaning obtained pressure alone Modern methods remove both impurities (particularly D); not added back various degrees. currently regulated standardized concentration can vary with manufacturer, time. Indeed, noted Commentary,' some modern oils contain very little D. such formulation Nordic Naturals' Arctic Liver Oil, contains only 1 20 IU per teaspoon.^ On other hand, same company's Arctic-D Oil 1,000 teaspoon,^ whereas 2005 bearing name teaspoon. previous work, Linday aF-'O-' Carlson Laboratories' lemon-flavored oil. Whereas product remained constant time at teaspoon, steadily decreased. first 2,000 2,500 teaspoon'"; subsequent 1,250 teaspoon"*"; current 700 1,200 teaspoon.'2 For children, consistent recommendations American Academy Pediatrics (AAP).^ Use doses should