Genomic Epidemiology in Filarial Nematodes: Transforming the Basis for Elimination Program Decisions

摘要: Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis are targeted for elimination, primarily using mass drug administration at the country community levels. Elimination of transmission is onchocerciasis target global elimination as a public health problem end point filariasis. Where program duration, treatment coverage, compliance sufficiently high, achievable both parasites within defined geographic areas. However, has re-emerged after apparent in some areas, others continued despite years treatment. A critical question whether this re-emergence and/or persistence due to local parasites—i.e., result insufficient duration or poor parasite response drugs, inadequate methods assessment criteria determining when stop treatment—or re-introduction via human vector movement from another endemic area. We review recent genetics-based research exploring these questions Onchocerca volvulus, filarial nematode that causes onchocerciasis, Wuchereria bancrofti, major pathogen focus particular on combination genomic epidemiology genome-wide associations delineate zones distinguish between introduced source resurgence continuing transmission, identify genetic markers associated with chemotherapy. Our ultimate goal assist efforts by developing easy-to-use tools incorporate information about more effective distribution, surveillance strategies, decisions interventions improve sustainability elimination.