An improved canopy wind model for predicting wind adjustment factors and wildland fire behavior

摘要: The ability to rapidly estimate wind speed beneath a forest canopy or near the ground surface in any vegetation is critical practical wildland fire behavior models. common metric of this “mid-flame” speed, UMF. However, existing approach for estimating UMF has some significant shortcomings. These include assumptions that both within-canopy and structure are uniform with depth (z) throughout roughness length (z0) displacement height (d) same regardless foliage density. purpose study develop assess model Reynolds stress eliminates these shortcomings thereby provide more physically realistic method calculating present can be used canopies arbitrary plant distribution leaf area, single function describes shown reproduce observed sp...