History of Parkinson's disease.

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the historical events that have shaped and will continue to shape understanding of Parkinson's disease (PD)—the past, present future its clinical identity, etiology, pathophysiology treatments. Pathological investigations late 19th early 20th centuries ultimately led discovery neuroanatomical lesions PD. Admittedly unsure, Parkinson proposed abnormalities in medulla oblongata were responsible. Subsequently Hughlings Jackson Gowers entertained involvement cerebellum motor cortex, respectively. Studies postencephalitic parkinsonism fostered new pathological developments. Encephalitis lethargica or von Economo's encephalitis occurred Europe North America as a result influenza pandemic 1915–1926. The next phase dramatic progress mid century, with advances neurochemistry dopamine. idea chemical neurotransmission developed century physiological studies autonomic nervous system heart. Epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), acetylcholine eventually dopamine serotonin identified.