Design and Deployment of Sensor Network for Real-Time High-Fidelity Volcano Monitoring

摘要: This paper presents the design and deployment experience of an air-dropped wireless sensor network for volcano hazard monitoring. The five self-contained stations into rugged crater Mount St. Helens only took one hour with a helicopter. communicate each other through amplified 802.15.4 radio establish self-forming self-healing multihop network. transmit distance between was up to 8 km favorable topography. Each station collects delivers real-time continuous seismic, infrasonic, lightning, GPS raw data gateway. main contribution this is robust optimized rapid during periods volcanic unrest provide long-term system supports UTC-time-synchronized acquisition 1 ms accuracy, remotely configurable. It has been tested in lab environment, outdoor campus, crater. Despite heavy rain, snow, ice as well gusts exceeding 160 per hour, achieved remarkable packet delivery ratio above 99 percent overall uptime about 93.8 over 1.5 months evaluation period after deployment. Our initial experiences demonstrated discipline scientists that low-cost can support monitoring extremely harsh environments.