Potential Roles of Activated Proto-Oncogenes in Malignant Progression

摘要: The discovery that a single human gene, the c-H-ras gene (16, 20, 63), activated by point mutation at codon 12 (66, 81) was sufficient to induce transformation in non-tumorigenic NIH 3T3 cells, initially challenged long-standing concepts as genetic basis for cancer. These results suggested discrete genes, termed proto-oncogenes, were associated with development of malignancy. possibility one such could complete tumorigenic cascade contrary existing models carcinogenesis, which implicated multiple and independent events tumors. apparent conflict between induction tumors established cell lines harboring “activated” proto-oncogene naturally occurring subsequently has led torrent work on expression proto-oncogenes both tissue culture fresh studies have strongly reaffirmed multi-step nature tumorigenesis, also activation tumor initiation well stages progression.