Misinformation Effects in Recall: Creating False Memories through Repeated Retrieval

摘要: Abstract In two experiments subjects viewed slides depicting a crime and then received narrative containing misleading information about some items in the slides. Recall instructions were manipulated on first test to vary probability that would produce details from conflicted with Two days later returned took second cued recall which they instructed respond only if sure had seen item slide sequence. Our interest was examining subjects’ production of postevent (on ignore information) as function given before test. both experiments, robust misinformation effects occurred, misrecall being greatest under conditions produced wrong detail this condition more likely also say remembered its occurrence, when use Tulving's (1985) remember / know procedure, than comparison conditions. We conclude substantial effect occurs repeated testing increases effect. False memories may arise through retrieval.