Proteomics: applications in transfusion medicine.

摘要: Since the completion of mapping human genome1,2, which allowed identification over 30,000 genes, continuous efforts have been made to associate data acquired with DNA functions. New tools for analysing these developed and new disciplines study generated explore whole range potential applications genome-related information; names all fields end in omics. Genomics is comprehensive analysis structure function, whereas transcriptomics mRNA pool found within a cell describes gene expression3, proteomics instead studies location, function proteins expressed biological system4. The genome total chromosome (hereditary) content system, while proteome that produces through transcription translation5. The term “proteome” (PROTEins by genOME) was coined Wilkins colleagues 19966. Initially word referred techniques used analyse large number at same time, but, present, this covers any approach yields information on abundance, properties, interactions, activities, or structures sample7. The name “protein”, derived from Greek proteios, meaning “the first rank”, time Berzelius 1838 emphasise importance molecules8. The produced 30,000–40,000 genes estimated be three four orders magnitude higher9. reasons numerical superiority complexity are4,10: i) differential splicing transcripts, allows single produce multiple protein products; ii) capability many associating other form complexes; iii) post-translational modifications, are additional changes initially translated may undergo. These covalent modifications regulate functions, determining their activity state, cellular location dynamic interactions proteins; most important best-studied phosphorylation glycosylation, but others common (acetylation, methylation, lipid attachment, sulphation tyrosine, ubiquitination disulphide bond formation) among 300 different known types. The genome, compared proteome, stable4,5; hand, based type functional state cell. proteomes can defined system therefore increases as latter becomes greater7; indeed much lower than tissue really one an organism. This makes challenging field, largely due sheer size volume it11. Transfusion medicine clinical discipline characterised advanced quality management systems, structured so assure production blood components raw materials, biopharmaceutical fractionation, safe, efficient effective12. In Italy, collection procedures performed banks closely regulated State laws and/or directives issued government agencies. At seems promising tool global assessment process derivatives. The role transfusion has addressed several articles, since 20044,7,12–15. objective review provide brief overview contemporary technologies published medicine, mainly characterisation product caused storage processes.