The surface science of graphene: Metal interfaces, CVD synthesis, nanoribbons, chemical modifications, and defects

摘要: Abstract Graphene, a single atomic layer of sp2 hybridized carbon, exhibits zero-band gap with linear band dispersion at the Fermi-level, forming Dirac-cone K -points its Brillouin zone. In this review, we focus on basic materials science issues intriguing material. The scope work is further narrowed by concentrating graphene grown transition metal surfaces, mostly under vacuum conditions, and neglecting other synthesis approaches, namely growth SiC or oxide reduction. Thus one large section review focuses metal/graphene interfaces. We summarize recent surface studies structure, interaction, various metals. Metal supported recurring theme throughout as it provides model-systems for studying adsorption modifications well-defined, area samples, thus ideal employing techniques. Other aspects are also reviewed. Approaches creating characterizing nanostructures, in particular nanoribbons, discussed. Graphene nanoribbons play an important role potential electronic applications because lateral electron confinement ribbons opens band-gap graphene. Materials like formation well-defined edges introduced. Atomic-scale defect-structures another topic. known defect structures categorized scale characterization these defects scanning tunneling microscopy (stocktickerSTM) high resolution transmission (TEM) illustrated. Important our ability modifying properties. Therefore, substitutional doping nitrogen boron, hydrogenation fluorination graphene, molecules strong affinity included review. This restricted to summary well-ordered systems. research areas such transport measurements pure modified not included. goal give concise overview from perspective.