Emerging infectious diseases in cetaceans worldwide and the possible role of environmental stressors.

摘要: We reviewed prominent emerging infectious diseases of cetaceans, examined their potential to impact populations, re-assessed zoonotic risk and evaluated the role environmental stressors. Cetacean morbilliviruses papillomaviruses as well Brucella spp. Toxoplasma gondii are thought interfere with population abundance by inducing high mortalities, lowering reproductive success or synergistically increasing virulence other diseases. Severe cases lobomycosis lobomycosis-like disease (LLD) may contribute death some dolphins. The hazard marine mammal brucellosis toxoplasmosis have been underestimated, attributable frequent misdiagnoses underreporting, particularly in developing countries remote areas where carcass handling without protective gear human consumption fresh cetacean products commonplace. Environmental factors seem play a emergence pathogenicity morbillivirus epidemics, lobomycosis/LLD, toxoplasmosis, poxvirus-associated tattoo skin and, harbour porpoises, multifactorial aetiology. Inshore estuarine cetaceans incur higher risks than pelagic due habitats often severely altered anthropogenic such chemical biological contamination, direct indirect fisheries interactions, traumatic injuries from vessel collisions climate change.