摘要: AbstractPenetrating gamma-rays require complex instrumentation for astronomical spectroscopy measurements of from cosmic sources. Multiple-interaction detectors in space combined with sophisticated post-processing detector events on ground have lead to a performance which is now capable provide new astrophysical insights. Spectral signatures the MeV regime originate transitions nuclei atoms (rather than their electron shell). Nuclear are stimulated by either radioactive decays or high-energy nuclear collisions such as rays. Gamma-ray lines been detected isotopes produced burning inside stars and supernovae, energetic-particle interactions solar flares. Radioactive-decay 56Ni directly reflect source supernova light. 44Ti core-collapse interiors, paucity corresponding gamma-ray line sources reflects variety dynamical co...