Multi‐behavioral strategies in a predator–prey game: an evolutionary algorithm analysis

摘要: Behavioral games between predators and prey often involve two sub-games: ‘pre-encounter’ affecting the rate of encounter (e.g. predator–prey space games, Sih 2005), ‘post-encounter’ that influence outcome encounters waiting at refugia, Hugie 2003, vigilance, Brown et al. 1999). Most models, however, focus on only one or other these sub-games. I investigated a multi-behavioral game integrated both pre-encounter post-encounter behaviors. These behaviors included landscape-scale movements by prey, type vigilance increases immediately after an then decays over time (‘ratcheting vigilance’), predator management vigilance. I analyzed using computer-based evolutionary algorithm. This algorithm embedded individual-based model ecological interactions within dynamic adaptive process mutation selection. how evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) varied with predators’ learning ability, killing efficiency, density movement. found when learn location, random movement can be ESS. Increased efficiency reduced movement, but if was low. Predators countered ratcheting delaying their follow-up attacks; this delay in presence additional predators. The interdependence pre-and revealed suggests intricate co-evolution behavioral strategies.