Epigenetic Alterations in Glioblastoma Multiforme

摘要: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a high-grade glioma that represents the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. GBM has been recognized to arise two different settings: commonly as de novo and less secondary form progresses from previously diagnosed lower grade (secondary GBM, sGBM). The genetic pathways involved sGBM their associations with gene expression patterns have well studied. Recently, epigenetic alterations elucidated emphasis on relationship previous genomic studies. Hyper-and hypomethylation of CpG sites within observed. characterized by genome-wide DNA whereas are hypermethylated at many hundreds loci. discovery isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations transformed our understanding pathogenesis these principal subtypes. IDH typical small but significant fraction GBMs. A hypermethylation phenotype improved patient survival associated mutation. recent mechanistic studies implicate TET enzymes being an active demethylation process, insights help provide possible link between glioma. Clinical therapies target targets underway, although nonspecific nature such approaches major limitation. Many aspects epigenome uncharacterized, advances technology assess hold great promise making fruitful for new therapeutic this devastating disease.