Emerging REDD+: a preliminary survey of demonstration and readiness activities

摘要: This paper presents the results of a preliminary survey emerging demonstration and readiness activities to reducing emissions from deforestation forest degradation carbon stock enhancement (REDD+) across Africa, Asia, Latin America. The was conducted between November December 2008, information collected updated until May 2009. While offer useful snapshot landscape REDD+ activities, they do not capture all dynamics associated with this rapidly evolving field. As international debate on continues, some projects surveyed may have changed their core objectives while others never get off ground. Another limitation is ongoing lack any clear definition what constitutes activity. Despite these shortcomings, offers insights current trends inform future investments. In total found over 100 activities: 44 65 (including those by Forest Carbon Partnerhship Facility UN-REDD Programme) 12 where an explicit goal. Indonesia has far most in pipeline, making Asia region largest number activities. Many (68%) are still planning stage. A assessment incipient investments shows following. First, initiatives, especially tend target countries or risk significant, which suggests realised effectiveness considerations. Second, poor governance contexts discourage investments, although cost-efficiency considerations suggest otherwise. Third, there scope for natural equity co-benefits, also trade-offs cobenefits. Dry forests - many rural live high levels biodiversity be and, thus, feature less than humid forests. Balancing cost-effectiveness co-benefit will likely become central challenge policies Spatially explicit, high-resolution, environmental socioeconomic data can new enhance goals securing co-benefits. Policy makers, donors, other investors and/or co-benefits could assemble such investment choices, monitor outcomes, thus provide valuable lessons national global architecture. Although performance-based payments analogous services (PES) features idea, further that require more PES-type schemes. Investments improved broader policy reforms equally important address root causes emissions. Finding right mix different country ahead.