摘要: Improvements in astronomical time measurement techniques and the definition of have kept pace with developments frequency standards. Quartz crystal standards are described, including Essen rings, bars, GT-cut plates, contoured AT-cut plates. Stable oscillator circuits for quartz-crystal Meacham bridge-stabilized circuit, Gouriet-Clapp Lea quartz-resonator-servo circuit. A discussion present status atomic molecular includes ammonia absorption cell, (MASER), cesium atomic-beam apparatus. Instrumentation precision is outlined, a current listing standard-frequency broadcast stations included.
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