Advances in chemical sensing technologies for VOCs in breath for security/threat assessment, illicit drug detection, and human trafficking activity

摘要: On-site chemical sensing of compounds associated with security and terrorist attacks is worldwide interest. Other related bio-monitoring topics include identification individuals posing a threat from illicit drugs, explosive manufacturing, as well searching for victims human trafficking collapsed buildings. The current status field analytical technologies directed towards the detection vapours volatile organic (VOCs). Some VOCs are exhaled breath, where research moving individual breath testing (volatilome) to cell (microbiome) most recently crowd metabolites (exposome). In this paper, an overview field-deployable screening (both stand-alone those portable characteristics) given application early monitoring exposome in operations. systems employed analysis, i.e. mass spectrometry (MS), optical spectroscopy sensors reviewed. Categories interest (a) exposure compounds, (b) characteristic of, with, body odour (e.g. sweat). latter relevant scenarios. New technological approaches miniaturised also presented non-scanning digital light processing linear ion trap MS (DLP-LIT-MS), nanoparticles, mid-infrared photo-acoustic hyphenated technologies). Finally, outlook rapid precise, real-time traces revealed discussed.