Transition Management: toward a prescriptive model for multi-level governance systems

摘要: textabstractOver the last decades, we have witnessed a shift from centralized government-based nation-state, towards liberalized, market based and decentralized decision-making structures. Due to societal developments power of central government make policies implement these has decreased, leading increasingly diffuse policy-making structures processes stratified across sub-national, national supra-national levels (Hooghe Marks 2001). Generally referred with term ‘governance’ (Kooiman 1993), current practice in making policy is interaction diversity actors. At European level, this development led multi-level, participatory which for example regions are dealing directly EU-offices, NGO’s businesses involved top-down decisions limited politically most controversial issues. But governance also become common at global as well on regional scale, where influence non-governmental organizations (NGO’s), business science slowly becomes part policy-making.