Perspectives on Phylogenetic Evolution of Pain Expression

摘要: Of the many stimuli encountered by an animal in its environment, few are as likely to elicit action those disrupting or threatening disrupt physical integrity of body. Exposure noxious potentially lethal forces is virtually unavoidable for most animals. From indifferent assaults inorganic world directed attacks predator, parasite, and pathogen, individual subject various unpredictable uncontrollable that signal imminent danger life well-being. The ability detect such take minimize their effects undoubtedly represents a major selection pressure phylesis. Individuals who lack this ability, e.g., with forms congenital insensitivity intense (15), have greatly reduced expectancies. This amply attests adaptive value nociceptive sensorimotor systems.