Chromosome bands, their chromatin flavors, and their functional features.

摘要: To show that the input pattern of chromosomal mutations is highly organized relative to band patterns along human chromosomes, a new term, "metaphase chromatin flavor," introduced. Five different flavors euchromatic metaphase bands are cytologically identified ideogram. These G-bands and, based upon combinations extreme Alu richness and GC richness, four R-band flavors. The two with extremely GC-rich components, traditionally called "T-bands," represent only 15% all bands. However, they contain 65% mapped genes, 19 25 oncogenes, most cancer-associated rearrangements, evolutionary meiotic chiasmata, X-ray-induced breaks. Flavors Alu-rich also involved in melphalan-induced pachytene stretching, mitotic chiasmata. Frequencies CpG islands, CCGCCC boxes, retroposon families, genes characteristic each flavor will facilitate alignment genome sequences onto ideograms flavor. influence on evolution gene's sequence so strong one can infer which gene resides from itself. Correlation coefficients for many pairs genetic variables, while globally high, quite low within flavor, implicating concerted mode