Fatal Envenomation of a Chilean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) From Eastern Yellow Jacket Wasps (Vespula maculifrons).

摘要: A 37-year-old, female Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) presented with severe facial angioedema, bilateral corneal and palpebral edema, nictitating membrane paralysis, bradycardia, bradypnea, hypothermia, numerous stingers remnants of eastern yellow jacket wasps (Vespula maculifrons) attached to the feathers head, palpebrae, conjunctiva. Evaluation 2 complete blood cell counts results plasma chemical analysis serum protein electrophoresis revealed increases in creatinine phosphokinase aspartate aminotransferase activity, electrolyte disturbances, moderate levels α1, α2, β1, γ immunoglobulins when compared reference interval values conspecifics. Despite intensive treatment, bird died 19 hours after presentation. Results histologic evaluation tissues were compatible envenomation. Response envenomation avian species is not documented but should be considered birds presenting angioedema.