The Zika outbreak of the 21st century.

摘要: The Zika virus outbreak has captivated the attention of global audience and information spread rapidly wildly through internet other media channels. This was first identified in 1947, when it isolated from a sentinel rhesus monkey placed by British scientists working at Yellow Fever Research Laboratory located forest area Uganda, hence its name, is transmitted primarily mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. fact that macaque an Asian species being African brings to mind possibility rapid adaptation species, issue not been considered. Whether such played any role acquiring pathogenicity due cross transmission remains be identified. human infection described Nigeria 1954, with only scattered reports about dozen infections over 50-year period. It until 2007 raised ugly head noted three-quarters population on tiny island Yap between Philippines Papua New Guinea western Pacific Ocean, followed major French Polynesia 2013. remained confined narrow equatorial band Africa Asia 2014 began eastward, toward Oceania then South America. Since then, millions infected individuals have Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, including 25 additional countries Americas. While symptoms associated are generally mild, consisting fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia conjunctivitis, there more severe reactions neurological complications. In pregnant women, fetal complications include brain damage microcephaly, while adults several cases virus-associated Guillain-Barre syndrome. recently believed via mosquitoes. But semen specimens patient Texas, this provided basis for recent report possible sexual virus. Due complications, various vectors as well throughout globe, prompted World Health Organization health emergency. Various governmental organizations recommended women do travel where epidemic, within affected virus, recommendations were childbearing age delay pregnancy. overall public impact these above findings highlights need but specific diagnostic test blood banks worldwide identify those counseling who or contemplating As date, neither commercially licensed tests nor vaccine. Because cross-reactivity dengue Chikungunya common, may pose difficulty able quickly develop vaccines. So far most effective measures controlling populations insecticides preventing humans direct exposure