Chiral Biosensors and Immunosensors

摘要: Investigation of compounds having the asymmetric carbon in their structure has a fundamental significance for understanding all processes that occur living organisms. Biologically active as amino acids, sugars, peptides, proteins and polysaccharides posses different stereochemistry. All these are involve chiral interactions biochemical systems functioning Animal human peptides consist almost only left-handed (L) acids building blocks peptides. Right-handed (D) unicellular lower A huge interest chirality results also from fact present pharmaceutical chemical industry to large extent is based on synthesis may have Enantiomeric pharmaceuticals, pesticides or food additives can influence The first observations pharmacological role enantiomers assigned Abderhalde Muller, who described 1908 difference raising blood pressure by epinephrine. These observation started research effects context effect. Clinical tests indicate replacement racemate single enantiomer allows use doses drugs, increasing therapeutic efficacy individual doses. It helps avoid possible harmful with other minimize differences drug metabolism between species reduce toxicity caused supplementation inactive isomers (Agranat et al., 2002; Baumann 2002). There been trend towards ensure pharmaceuticals were invented, approved marketed mixture diastereomers, re-marketed enantiomers. Such called "chiral switches" (Caner 2004; Hutt & Valentova, 2003) same compound, indistinguishable physical properties show sometimes physiological effects. number examples demonstrated need test impact enantiomers, some cases, purity control compound. Enantiomers differ smell which be exemplified carvone, S R-enantiomer scent caraway mint respectively (Laska 1999). They taste example, isoleucine asparagine, bitter form L sweet D (ZawirskaWojtasiak, 2006) activity organisms, such ephedrine adrenaline. stimulating effect (+) 80% (-) (HerraezHernandez Campins-Falco, 2001). known cases one compound beneficial body