Breathing and respiratory adaptations
作者： Marisa Narciso Fernandes , Sandro Estevan Moron
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-815872-2.00010-5
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摘要: Abstract Fish require O2 to maintain energy for their metabolism. Most of them obtain the necessary directly from aquatic environment. While gills are main organs gas exchange in these animals, some species can or need breathe air; those accessory respiratory take up atmospheric air. The availability (i.e., hyperoxia, normoxia, hypoxia) environment determines behavioral and physiological responses required meet demand a given species. Such adjustments variables associated with cardiovascular system. Gill innervation consists branches glossopharyngeal vague nerves as well distribution chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, nociceptors related control vary Neotropical fish.
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