Rotavirus Infection in India: A Major Cause of Childhood Gastroenteritis

摘要: Rotaviruses are genetically highly variable, non-enveloped viruses with a double-stranded, segmented ribonucleic acid genome. It is the single most important cause of severe, dehydrating gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Rotavirus associated high morbidity developed countries significant mortality developing countries. In aged less than 5 years, they frequent agent severe acute diarrheal illnesses. Typically, symptomatic rotavirus diseases ( 70 years) arise sudden onset watery diarrhoea risk dehydration, accompanied by vomiting. Fecal-oral transmission likely route virus spread. Group A serotype strains G1 through G4 account for more 90% humans, being predominant serotype. The preferentially infects mature small-intestinal enterocytes. Treatment usually comprises sufficient fluid electrolyte substitution. Although nitazoxanide some other drugs show efficacy against vitro vivo, there currently no recommended specific antiviral therapy. India, two efficient secure live vaccines rotaviruses have been approved. Rotarix (GSK) vaccine derived from attenuated human G1P[8], whereas RotaTeq (Merck) pentavalent mixture naturally bovine/human reassortants. Though these already dramatically decreased where widely used, third generation vaccines, based on inactivated or recombinant like particles pipeline. For prophylaxis, special attention should be paid to adequate hygienic rules. Because stability changing environmental conditions, disinfection performed applying disinfectants proven activity rotaviruses.