How genetics, history and geography limit potential explanations of invasions by house mice Mus musculus in New Zealand

摘要: The distribution of distinct genetic lineages mice in New Zealand, combined with historical records shipping routes, political decisions, market prices, trading patterns and immigration policy, suggest that two Mus musculus travelled separate routes to reach opposite ends Zealand early pre-colonial times (1792–1830). (1) castaneus could have colonised the southern South Island between 1792 1810, sealers returning from Canton fur market, but these voyages were illegal (=undocumented) because direct China was prohibited until after 1813. Signs potential links seldom used 1810 include: (a) sealskin already rapidly declining profitability by time switched Bass Strait 1804; (b) Otago colonies seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) exhausted 1810; (c) M. m. is absent offshore islands repeatedly visited Sydney-based 1810. (2) domesticus had multiple well-documented opportunities colonise Bay Islands traders Australia 1821, both Cook area whalers 1829. After 1840, haplotypes different European sources accompanied organised settlement colonists.