Acting locally: innate mucosal immunity in resistance to HIV-1 infection in Kenyan commercial sex workers.

摘要: Cohort studies of female commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Kenya were among the first to identify highly HIV-1-exposed seronegative (HESN) individuals. As natural resistance is usually mediated by innate immune mechanisms, we focused on determining whether expression and function signaling pathways altered locally genital mucosa HESN CSWs. Our results demonstrated that selected pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) significantly reduced cervical mononuclear cells (CMCs) from compared with new HIV-negative (HIV-N) HIV-positive (HIV-P) groups. Although baseline levels secreted cytokines CMCs HESN, they stimulated following exposure ssRNA40 vitro. Importantly, epithelial also expressed PRRs, but Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) TLR7 as well nuclear factor-κB activator protein 1 activated. Lastly, inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, RANTES (regulated normal T cell secreted) detected at lower cervicovaginal lavage HIV-N HIV-P Overall, our study reveals a local microenvironment HIV consisting finely controlled balance basal quiescence potent anti-viral response critical sexual transmission HIV-1.