Using the ecosystem services framework for defining diverse human-nature relationships in a multi-ethnic biosphere reserve

摘要: Abstract Biosphere reserves are promoted as models for sustainable development, but face challenges in meeting their objectives, including balancing between diverse stakeholders with sometimes conflicting perceptions regarding human-nature relationships. We apply the ES assessment framework a tool identifying stakeholder within Mount Carmel Reserve Israel. report results of questionnaire designed to identify how residents and visitors from different ethnic groups (N = 703) use perceive ecosystem. Participation outdoor activities, valuation towards conservation rural development were similar across ethnicities. However, Druze respondents valued cultural services more than Jewish Muslims respondents, while regulating Muslim respondents. Respondents positive both nature which not perceived by any group contradictory goals. predisposed conservation, development. The elucidate population view same reserve. This can assist managers understanding core values that driving current land conflicts, ultimately help reduce tensions objectives. assessments thus be important tools resolving natural resource conflicts.