Thermodynamic temperature by primary radiometry.

摘要: Above the freezing temperature of silver (1234.93 K), International Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90) gives a temperature, T90, in terms defining fixed-point blackbody and Planck's law thermal radiation ratio form. Alternatively, by using directly, thermodynamic can be determined applying detectors calibrated absolute for their spectral responsivity. With advent high-quality semiconductor photodiodes development high-accuracy cryogenic radiometers during last two decades radiometric detector standards with very small uncertainties range 0.01-0.02% have been developed direct, thermometry comparable to those realization ITS-90. This article an overview number design variants different types radiometer used primary radiometry describes calibration. Furthermore, details requirements regarding experimental procedure obtaining low uncertainty temperatures these are presented, noting that such also at well below point. Finally, typical results obtained methods reviewed.