Pharmacokinetic drug interactions involving Ginkgo biloba

摘要: Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts (GLEs) are popular herbal remedies for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia, tinnitus, vertigo and peripheral arterial disease. As GLEs taken regularly by older people who likely to also use multiple other drugs of, e.g. hypertension, diabetes, rheumatism or heart failure, potential herb-drug interactions interest. Preclinical studies high doses/concentrations varying quality standardization hinted at both an inhibition induction metabolic enzymes transporters. However, in humans, positive vitro-findings could not be replicated vivo. At maximum recommended doses 240 mg/day, a clinically relevant interaction standardized GLE EGb 761 shown. higher than ones led weak CYP2C19-mediated omeprazole 5-hydroxylation, CYP3A4-mediated midazolam 1'-hydroxylation, respectively. Also, regular intake poorly characterized dose 360 mg/day slightly increased bioavailability talinolol, substrate P-glycoprotein various organic anion-transporting polypeptides. Thus, regarding pharmacokinetic interactions, GLE, 761, together with synthetic appears safe as long daily up mg consumed. If this applies prepared according European Pharmacopoeia remains uncertain. drug cannot excluded used many food supplements.