What kind of animal is the "Three Rs"?

摘要: Fifty years after the publication of The Principles Humane Experimental Technique by Russell and Burch, this paper explores contemporary role Three Rs. This is illustrated reference to a recent social scientific study, which involved total 50 in-depth interviews with scientists who use animals other stakeholders in debate. data analysis shows how Rs are conceptualised at least three ways: firstly, as an ethical animal, either shorthand for moral imperative, or route managing dilemma; secondly, internal method; finally, political some referring way promote consensus controversial domain. Pushing metaphor little further, concludes that concept has become kind hybrid animal.