An investigation into the occurrence and effects of sports induced maxillofacial injuries : mouthguards as protective modalities

摘要: In England and Wales, up to 1.4 million people attend emergency departments, each year, with head injuries. A number of these derive from sporting activities, which have an inherent risk facial injury traumatic impacts against fellow competitors, projectiles, posts or the ground. Monitoring incidence aetiology sports injuries can enhance understanding injuries, development more effective protective modalities. This thesis starts a questionnaire survey, systematically describes interplay between types sport, sex players, anatomical site, regularity fractures. Alongside, contribution devices in common usage technology behind materials used. question often arises how thick should mouthguard be for individual. Through series manufacturing assessments, this investigates finished thickness large sample group experienced participants relation thickness. Subsequently, proposes new technique, whereby it was found that increasing anterior angulation dental model by varying degrees ( 15°, 30° & 45°) produces redistribution thinning patterns 4 mm EVA material increases By rotating section 45°, there 75% increase thickness, mean 1.6mm (SD: 0.34), on flat plane, 2.8mm 0.16), held at 45° angle. Finally, explores bone density either ageing individuality may affect impact performance values obtained both studies. Thus, highlighting does need bespoke individual terms as well what sport they play.