Refractory carcinoid syndrome: a review of treatment options.

作者: Rachel P. Riechelmann , Allan A. Pereira , Juliana F. M. Rego , Frederico P. Costa

DOI: 10.1177/1758834016675803

关键词:

摘要: Carcinoid syndrome (CSy) is a constellation of symptoms that may commonly present in patients with well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), somatostatin analogs (SSAs) being the first-line option for symptom management. However, symptomatic progression eventually occurs and this scenario refractory CSy; several treatment options have been studied such as dose escalation SSA, interferon liver-directed therapies. Nevertheless, recent phase III trials contributed to understanding management condition. We performed comprehensive review interventional studies examining CSy provide evidence current propose sequence.

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