Behavioural response of European starlings exposed to video playback of conspecific flocks: effect of social context and predator threat.
作者： Francesca Zoratto , Leonardo Manzari , Ludovica Oddi , Rianne Pinxten , Marcel Eens
DOI: 10.1016/J.BEPROC.2014.01.012
关键词:
摘要: We studied the behavioural response of European starlings to a socially mediated predation event. Adult were exposed either video flock attacked by peregrine falcon or not under attack. investigated whether social condition affected anti-predator hypothesis that in such gregarious species singletons would increase their behaviour more than individuals groups, compensate for potential increased risk. The attack caused an immobility and vigilance, marked singletons, both during after exposure. non-threatened activity levels, especially Furthermore, we observed comfort activities as well interactions vocalizations mini-flocks. Only birds mini-flocks vocalized, which may be explained audience effect, process cognition context, only stimulus. results are line with previous field studies, showed isolated higher risk compared flocks.
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