Which design elements of individual quota fisheries help to achieve management objectives

摘要: Individual quota (IQ) management systems in commercial marine fisheries are highly diverse, differing the security, durability and exclusivity of harvesting privilege transferability units. This diversity degree harvest rights may influence effectiveness IQ to meet objectives. We conducted a global meta-analysis 167 stocks managed under IQs test whether strength impacts conservation status terms catch, exploitation rate biomass relative targets. used non-parametric methods assess non-linear relationships linear regression models explicitly consider interactions among predictors. Most consistently met fleet-wide limits (94% had recent catches below or within 10% quotas), but only 2/3 adhered sustainable targets for (68% rates 63% above targets). Strikingly, when was low, depended on implementation industry-driven (exploitation targets) government-mandated At high levels exclusivity, converged just Transferability units associated with stock closer slightly target than non-transferable quota. However, regional differences strongest effect biomass, suggesting that other biological attributes fishery have greater populations.