Genotoxic and inflammatory effects of nanofibrillated cellulose in murine lungs.

摘要: Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is a sustainable and renewable nanomaterial, with diverse potential applications in the paper medical industries. As NFC consists of long fibres high aspect ratio, we examined here whether TEMPO-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-oxyl) oxidised (length 300-1000nm, thickness 10-25nm), administrated by single pharyngeal aspiration, could be genotoxic to mice, locally lungs or systemically bone marrow. Female C57Bl/6 mice were treated four different doses (10, 40, 80 200 µg/mouse), samples collected 24h later. DNA damage was assessed comet assay bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) lung cells, chromosome marrow erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Inflammation evaluated BAL cell counts analysis cytokines histopathological alterations lungs. A significant induction observed at two lower whereas no increase seen cells. No effect detected assay, either. increased recruitment inflammatory cells lungs, together dose-dependent mRNA expression tumour necrosis factor α, interleukins 1β 6, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5, although there on levels respective proteins. The histological showed dose-related accumulation bronchi, alveoli some cytoplasm macrophages. In addition, neutrophilic alveolar space increasing dose. Our findings that administered aspiration caused an acute response but systemic present experimental design did not, however, allow us determine responses transient persist for longer time.