The theory of expanded, extended, and enhanced opportunities for youth physical activity promotion

摘要: Physical activity interventions targeting children and adolescents (≤18 years) often focus on complex intra- inter-personal behavioral constructs, social-ecological frameworks, or some combination of both. Recently published meta-analytical reviews large-scale randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that these intervention approaches largely produced minimal no improvements in young people’s physical levels. In this paper, we propose the main reason for previous studies’ limited effects is fundamental mechanisms lead to change youth been overlooked misunderstood. Evidence from observational experimental studies presented support development a new theory positing primary many are fall into one following three categories: (a) expansion opportunities be active by inclusion occasion active, (b) extension an existing opportunity increasing amount time allocated opportunity, and/or (c) enhancement through strategies designed increase above routine practice. Their application considerations design interpretation presented. The utility mechanisms, referred as Theory Expanded, Extended, Enhanced Opportunities (TEO), their parsimony, logical appeal, with empirical evidence, direct immediate numerous settings contexts. TEO offers way understand behaviors provides common taxonomy which interventionists can identify appropriate targets across different We believe formalization concepts will propel them forefront future use, greater impact than what has studies.