Imagining a Post-Development Era? Critical Thought, Development and Social Movements

摘要: For some time now, it has been difficult at times even impossible to talk about development, protest or revolution with the same confidence and encompassing scope which intellectuals activists spoke these vital matters in our most recent past. It is as if elegant discourses of 1960s high decade both Development Revolution had suspended, caught mid air they strove toward their zenith, and, like fragile bubbles, exploded, leaving a scrambled trace glorious path behind. Hesitantly perhaps, but persistance that be taken seriously, new discourse set in. Where one its flip side, now allowed speak very different language: "crisis" on hand, "new social actors" movements," other. In fact, many scholars seem proposing radical reinterpretation political reality based categories such "alternative development," identities, pluralism, historicity hegemony. previous period, from early post-War years end 1970s, relation between truth characterized was relatively clear direct. chiefly matter capital, technology, education appropriate policy planning mechanisms successfully combine elements. Resistance, other primarily class issue question imperialism. Nowadays, this transparency muddled, imperialism are thought object innumerable mediations. But while research inquiry into nature resistance practice have quite alive growing, not true for area development. A problematization popular mobilization, intellectuals' understanding them, resulted ways thinking issues, especially movements. The theory movements become, particularly Western Europe Latin America, also increasingly parts Third World, key arenas