作者: Paolo Tieri , Claudio Franceschi , Gastone C. Castellani
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摘要: In the study of basic properties observed in immune system and, a broader view, biological systems, several concepts have already been mathematically formulated or treated an analytical perspective, such as degeneracy, robustness, noise, and bow tie architecture. These properties, among others, seem to rule many aspects functioning, share themselvesseveral characteristics, intersecting each other, often becoming one indivisible part other. According Kitano, systems biology needs solid theoretical methodological foundation principles able lead towards unified perspective. An effort unifying formalization analysis these can be now timely attempted.