Analogical reasoning in amazons.

摘要: Two juvenile orange-winged amazons (Amazona amazonica) were initially trained to match visual stimuli by color, shape, and number of items, but not size. After learning these three identity matching-to-sample tasks, the parrots transferred discriminative responding new from same categories that had been used in training (other colors, shapes, numbers items) as well a different category (stimuli varying size). In critical testing phase, both exhibited reliable relational (RMTS) behavior, suggesting they perceived compared relationship between objects sample stimulus pair comparison pairs, even though no physical matches possible items pairs. The spontaneously this higher-order without having ever before on RMTS therefore joining apes crows displaying abstract cognitive behavior.