The mitogen-activated protein kinome from Anopheles gambiae: identification, phylogeny and functional characterization of the ERK, JNK and p38 MAP kinases

摘要: Anopheles gambiae is the primary mosquito vector of human malaria parasites in sub-Saharan Africa. To date, three innate immune signaling pathways, including nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-dependent Toll and deficient (IMD) pathways Janus kinase/signal transducers activators transcription (Jak-STAT) pathway, have been extensively characterized An. gambiae. However, addition to NF-kappaB-dependent signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulated by JNK, ERK p38 MAPK are critical mediators immunity other invertebrates mammals. Our understanding roles cascades anopheline limited, so identification encoded complement these proteins, their upstream activators, phosphorylation profiles response relevant signals was warranted. In this study, we present orthologs phylogeny 17 MAPKs, two which were previously unknown others that incompletely annotated. We also provide detailed temporal activation for ERK, cells vitro parasite infection (human insulin, transforming growth factor-beta1, hydrogen peroxide) bacterial lipopolysaccharide. These possible regulatory interpreted light known cascades. The establishment a "road map" based on most advanced genome annotation can accelerate our host-pathogen interactions broader physiology species. Further, future efforts develop predictive models cell responses, iterative construction refinement data-based literature-based knowledge MAP networked will facilitate "master regulators" biomedically important