Solutions and Emulsions Used for Intravenous Infusions

摘要: Intravenous infusions are widely employed in clinical therapy. This is illustrated by the fact that United States alone, 100 million were administered during 1974 (SCHINDEL 1977). comprise colloid solutions as plasma substitutes such protein fractions, dextran, gelatin derivatives, hydroxyethylstarch, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Further, agents used for parenteral nutrition various sugars, amino acid mixtures, fat emulsions of importance. The usefulness intravenous well established, but there always exists a certain risk adverse reactions. They may arise locally from injection trauma (thrombophlebitis, sepsis, catheter embolism), be due to microbial, pyrogenic, particulate, chemical contamination solution (GUYNN et al. 1973; DUMA 1976), or manifest themselves anaphylactoid That even today remains exemplified need recall 43 infusion units 1965–1975 because contamination. was associated with 54 deaths 410 injuries Apart problems, reactions represent major problem today. chapter will deal incidence immunologic aspects emulsions. To facilitate understanding immunobiologic properties agents, short description their physicochemical manufacturing process also given.