Catchment-wide survival of wild- and hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon smolts in a changing system

摘要: We developed a hierarchical multistate model to estimate survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in the Penobscot River, USA, over decade during which two mainstem dams were removed from catchment. investigated effects (i) environmental factors, (ii) rearing history, and (iii) management actions, including dam removal, turbine shutdown, installation new powerhouses. Mean ± SD smolt per kilometre was higher through free-flowing reaches catchment (0.995 0.004·km−1) than containing that remain system (0.970 0.019·km−1). observed maximum between 12 17 °C at intermediate discharges (1200 m3·s−1). Smolt increased concurrent with removal decreased following increases hydropower generation. The greatest increase followed seasonal shutdowns located on largest tributary while other had little influence. Our provides useful tool for assessing changes migratory species will be informing stocking plans maximize numbers leaving coastal systems.