Protection against melanoma by vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and/or vaccinia: an epidemiology-based hypothesis on the nature of a melanoma risk factor and its immunological control.

摘要: A multicentre case-control study conducted by the FEBrile Infections and Melanoma (FEBIM) group has demonstrated a reduced risk of melanoma associated with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and/or vaccinia vaccination in early childhood infectious diseases later life. This led to recognition new indicator melanoma; namely 'not being vaccinated either BCG or vaccinia'. On basis these findings, we propose hypothesis immune surveillance for induced enhanced prior contacts pathogens unexpectedly cross-reactive cellular 'marker risk'. The due vaccinia, as well certain common causes disease, is shown be antigenic determinants exhibiting sequence homologies HERV-K-MEL-antigen. latter product pseudo-gene that closely env-gene endogenous human retrovirus K (HERV-K). suppressive reaction appears inhibit expression retroviral genes, such HERV-K env-gene, could otherwise result malignant transformation years even decades later. env-protein homologous amino acid sequences nuclear factor Oxygen Responsive Element Binding Protein (OREBP) controls glutathione peroxidase. formation this other redox-enzymes, needed maintain appropriate levels normal intracellular redox potential, seems suppressed OREBP-homologous protein. present accordance concept dysregulation adverse environmental impacts not only some autoimmune disorders, previously described, but also malignancies melanoma.